Maintaining colorectal health is essential for overall well-being, as the digestive system is critical to our Colon cancer, or colorectal cancer, is a health condition that needs prompt treatment. One of the primary methods of treating colon cancer is surgery. Advancements in technology have given rise to various surgical techniques to treat colorectal cancer.
In this article, we will explain what types of surgeries are available to treat colon cancer, what to expect during recovery and how to prepare for surgery. Whether you’re seeking information for yourself or supporting a loved one with colon cancer, gaining insight into these treatments can provide clarity into recovery.
What types of surgery are used to treat colon cancer?
Surgery is often the first line of treatment for colon cancer, especially when the cancer is detected early. The colorectal surgeon will advise the patient on the specific type of surgery depending on the stage and location of the tumour. Here are the main types of surgeries used to treat colon cancer.
Polypectomy
A polypectomy removes polyps from the colon. Polyps are small growths on the colon’s inner lining that can develop into cancer. If polyps are detected during a colonoscopy, they will be removed using a wire loop or other special instruments that pass through the colonoscope.
This minimally invasive procedure is usually done under sedation and is usually done on an outpatient basis, enabling patients to go home on the same day.
Large bowel resection or colectomy
A colectomy, otherwise known as a large bowel resection, is the removal of cancer from the colon. Depending on the areas affected by cancer, a partial removal of the colon or a total removal of the entire colon may be necessary.
During the procedure, the colorectal surgeon eliminates the affected areas along with nearby lymph nodes to ensure that any potential spread of cancer is addressed.
There are different approaches to performing a colectomy:
- Open Colectomy: This traditional method involves cutting into the abdomen to access the colon.
- Laparoscopic Colectomy: This minimally invasive technique uses several small incisions and special instruments, including a camera, to perform the surgery. Compared to open surgery, this method generally results in less pain and a quicker recovery.
- Robotic-Assisted Colectomy: This procedure is similar to laparoscopic surgery, but the surgeon uses a robotic system to perform it with enhanced precision and control.
Recovering from colon cancer surgery
Recovery from colon cancer surgery will depend on the type of surgery executed and the patient’s condition. Patients undergoing a polypectomy can go home on the same day, while those having a colectomy may need to stay in the hospital for several days.
Although patients are advised against strenuous activities, they are encouraged to start moving around soon after surgery to prevent blood clots. Patients can also expect a liquid diet, gradually progressing to solid foods as the bowel heals.
Follow-up appointments will be arranged to monitor recovery and check for any signs of recurrence.
Are there long-term side effects?
While many patients recover well from colon cancer surgery, there can be long-term side effects. It is advisable to discuss them with the colorectal surgeon for a better understanding of possible side effects. Some long-term side effects include:
- Changes in bowel habits: Some patients may experience changes, such as increased frequency or urgency, diarrhoea, or constipation.
- Adhesions: Scar tissue can develop and cause adhesions, which may lead to bowel obstruction or other complications.
- Stoma: In cases where a colostomy (an opening in the abdomen for waste to exit) is created, patients will need to adapt to living with a stoma. A stoma can be a temporary or permanent adjustment, depending on their condition.
- Nutritional deficiencies: Removing parts of the colon can affect nutrient absorption, leading to deficiencies that may require dietary adjustments or supplements.
Other methods to treat colon cancer
In addition to surgery, other treatments for colon cancer include:
- Chemotherapy: Drugs are used to target cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be used for shrinking tumours before surgery, killing remaining cancer cells after surgery, and controlling cancer growth when surgery isn’t an option.
- Radiation therapy: High-energy rays are employed to kill cancer cells. This treatment is more commonly used for rectal cancer but can be used in certain colon cancer cases.
- Immunotherapy: Helps the immune system recognise and attack cancer cells.
Preparing for colon cancer surgery
Preparation for colon cancer surgery involves several steps to ensure the best possible outcome:
- Medical evaluation: A thorough medical evaluation, including blood tests, imaging studies, and possibly a colonoscopy, will be conducted to assess overall health and plan the surgery.
- Pre-surgical instructions: Before surgery, patients will receive specific instructions on diet, medications, and bowel preparation (such as taking a laxative to clean the colon).
- Lifestyle adjustments: Smoking cessation, optimising nutrition, and improving physical fitness can help improve surgical outcomes.
- Mental preparation: Understanding the procedure, potential risks, and recovery process can help reduce anxiety. Discuss any concerns with your healthcare team.
Consult a colorectal surgeon in Singapore
Surgery can remove colon cancer effectively, and there are various types of surgery available, depending on how advanced the cancer is. Non-surgical treatment methods like chemotherapy and radiation may also be employed where applicable.
Choosing the right colorectal surgeon is critical to a successful colon cancer surgery. Ark Surgical Practice is made up of a team of experienced colorectal surgeons in Singapore, specialising in surgical techniques and personalised care for colon cancer patients. We aim to always provide treatment plans tailored to their needs. To know more about colon cancer treatment, schedule a consultation with one of our colorectal surgeons.
