Maintaining colorectal health is essential for overall well-being, as the digestive system is critical to our body’s functioning. One alarming symptom that can indicate an issue with colorectal health is the presence of blood in the stool. While this symptom can be distressing, it can be managed effectively.
This article explores the potential causes of blood in the stool, how to recognise it, and what treatments are available.
What is Blood in Stool/Rectal Bleeding?
Rectal bleeding, or blood in the stool, refers to the presence of blood in or on your bowel movements. This bleeding can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, from the oesophagus to the rectum.
The appearance of blood in your stool can vary, ranging from bright red to black, depending on the source of the bleeding.
Causes of Blood in Stool
Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids are identified by swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus that can cause bright red blood in the stool. They are often related to straining during bowel movements, constipation, or prolonged sitting.
Anal fissures
An anal fissure is characterised by a tear in the anus’ lining, causing bleeding and pain during bowel movements. Like haemorrhoids, fissures are often a result of constipation and straining.
Diverticular disease
Diverticulosis develops when small pouches (diverticula) form in the colon wall. These pouches can sometimes bleed, leading to blood in the stool. They are known as diverticulitis when they become inflamed or infected.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Conditions like Crohn’s disease and colitis are associated with prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract, leading to symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and rectal bleeding.
Gastrointestinal (GI) Infections
Certain infections can cause inflammation of the GI tract, resulting in symptoms such as diarrhoea and rectal bleeding. Common pathogens include bacteria like Salmonella and Escherichia coli.
Colorectal polyps and cancer
Polyps grow in the colon and they can bleed. These growths form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While most polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer. Colorectal cancer often presents with symptoms like blood in the stool, changing bowel habits, and unexplained weight loss.
Peptic ulcers
Peptic ulcers can cause black, tarry stools. They develop in the stomach or small intestine and are often caused by infections or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Angiodysplasia
This condition involves abnormal blood vessels in the GI tract that can cause bleeding. It is more common in older adults and can result in blood in the stool or anaemia.
Identifying Blood in Stool
Recognising the signs of blood in your stool is the first step in addressing the issue. The colour and thickness of the blood can provide clues about its source:
- Bright red blood: A sign of bleeding in the lower digestive tract, such as from haemorrhoids or anal fissures.
- Dark red or maroon blood: Suggests bleeding in the middle portion of the digestive tract, such as the colon or small intestine.
- Black, tarry stools: A sign of bleeding in the upper digestive tract, such as from peptic ulcers.
Other symptoms accompanying blood in the stool include abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, weight loss, and fatigue. If you notice any of these signs, it’s advisable to consult a doctor for evaluation.
Treatment Options
The treatment for blood in the stool depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common treatments based on the condition:
Haemorrhoids and Anal Fissures
- Dietary Changes: Increasing fibre intake and staying hydrated can soften stools and reduce straining.
- Topical Treatments: Over-the-counter creams and suppositories can relieve symptoms.
- Procedures: In severe cases, rubber band ligation or surgery may be necessary.
Diverticular Disease
- Antibiotics: For diverticulitis, antibiotics are used to treat infection.
- Diet: A high-fibre diet can help manage symptoms and prevent future episodes.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and biologics can help control inflammation.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be ordered to remove damaged tissues of the GI tract.
Colorectal Polyps and Cancer
- Polypectomy: Removal of polyps during a colonoscopy can prevent cancer.
- Cancer Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are common treatments for colorectal cancer.
Peptic Ulcers
- Medications: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antibiotics (for H. pylori infection) are commonly used.
- Lifestyle Changes: Reducing NSAID use, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake can help.
Cost of Treatment for Blood in Stools
The cost of treating blood in the stool can differ according to the underlying cause, the severity of the condition, and the treatment required. Your doctor would need to assess your specific condition to give a clearer estimate of the cost of treatment.
Blood in Stools Treatment in Singapore
Experiencing blood in the stool can be alarming, but understanding its potential causes and available treatments is a step towards recovery.
Ark Surgical Practice offers specialised care for individuals experiencing blood in their stools. Our experienced surgeons and gastroenterologists in Singapore are dedicated to providing diagnostic and treatment services tailored to your needs.
